Write a Brief Description of the Fiscal Policy of the United States. Free Essays

The Death Of A Salesman How Biff free essay sample

The Death Of A Salesman: How Biff Shows Irresponsibility Essay, Research Paper The Death of A Salesman: How Biff Shows Irresponsibility Have you ever felt as though you do non cognize what to make with your life? Everybody does once in a while, yet certain individuals resemble that their entire life. These individuals are flighty and rely upon others to last. In # 8220 ; Death of a Sales rep # 8221 ; , Biff is one of these individuals. He is flighty in light of the fact that he depends on Happy, relies upon Willy, and does non cognize what to make for a real existence. Biff turns upward on Happy as a delineation of good life. He can't help suspecting that Glad # 8217 ; s life is steady and effective. Despite the fact that this is non valid, Biff Lashkar-e-Taibas it trouble him. He needs Happy to obtain him an occupation in New York so they could work together. This shows a portion of his reliance and flightiness. We will compose a custom article test on The Death Of A Salesman How Biff or then again any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Punch does non look as though he could populate on his ain effectively. This disillusions both Upbeat and Willy. Be that as it may, this is non the solitary employment Biff has. Biff other than relies upon Willy to obtain him through life. Willy # 8217 ; s low moral thought processes cause Biff to trust it # 8217 ; s OK to focus on football when he was in secondary school. Biff does non accept he needs to work in school. At the point when he fails math, he does non cognize what to make and once again twists to Wil ly. Presently Biff can non travel to school and since he has been focusing on football, he has practically zero achievements at whatever else. He relies upon Willy # 8217 ; s backing to help him. Be that as it may, since Willy # 8217 ; s viewpoints of Biff are non met, Biff does non have the guide he requests and gets off on his ain. This leaves Biff to happen an end throughout everyday life and run it. At last, Biff does non cognize what to make for a real existence. He is perpetually going about, uncertain of what to make straightaway. This might be a direct result of his uncertainness of a henceforth. Biff has neer held a consistent occupation. Along these lines, he has neer held a consistent spot. This shows a clump of recklessness. Until he comprehends what he needs to make, Pummel can non settle down and go an adult. This incongruence in business makes Biff flighty. So far in Biff # 8217 ; s life, he has non achieved anything. He relies upon Upbeat and Willy, and does non cognize what to make for a real existence. He understands that he has squandered his life and needs to happen something other than football to win in. With Happy going worn out on his jokes and Willy near the precarious edge of a disengagement, Biff is currently on his ain and needs to go capable. Potentially following clasp you wear # 8217 ; T cognize what to make with your life, you # 8217 ; ll accept a little harder.

A Guide to Helping Your Students Through the Writing Process

A Guide to Helping Your Students Through the Writing Process (0) Sometimes, when you assign students a writing task, they immediately balk. For students, writing assignments can be overwhelming â€" there are so many components for them to keep track of that they often don’t even know how to start. But it doesn’t have to be that way. Technology makes it easier than ever for students to work through the writing process and to know what they need to do and how to stay organized along the way. Here are some tips for supporting students through the writing process: Start Out On The “Write” Foot Many students need support before you even hand out a writing assignment. You need to set the groundwork. To make sure students know what to do with a writing assignment, you can frontload the assignment with instruction on how to dissect a task and get started with writing. You might want to start by showing your students the following video, “Breaking Down an Argumentative Writing Task,” from the EasyBib vault.  It gives students prewriting strategies like identifying audience, brainstorming, and starting with a hypothesis. Breaking Down Tasks After students complete the lesson, you can use the analytics to quickly see who needs more help and who is ready to start writing! Tip: Even if you’ve already completed a number of writing projects in your class, it’s always good to review best practices with your students. Set the Assignment As students build out their skills, they can start applying what they’ve learned about the writing process to a writing assignment. Students should be writing for many different purposes and at different times of the year. But, if you need some inspiration for authentic writing tasks, here are a few assignments you can start with: Get Informed! Presidential Candidate Profiles This year, we will elect a new president. During election season, there is a lot of information flying around about each candidate. It can be hard to know what’s true, what’s being exaggerated, and what is a flat out lie. To help your classmates stay informed, you will write a well-researched profile of one presidential candidate and his or views. For your profile, you will need to pick one candidate, provide some biographic information and explain the candidate’s views on taxes, education, and foreign policy. Your profile should be supported by at least three credible sources. Letter to the editor: What’s your cause? Identify a community issue that is important to you. This could be a law you disagree with, a law that you think should be established, a neighborhood park that needs attention, an issue in schools â€" anything that affects the members of your community. Begin gathering sources from databases and websites that help you learn more about the cause you chose. Make sure your are using relevant, authoritative sources. Write a letter to the editor explaining what the issue is and what steps community members should take to address the issue. Use the examples you studied from your local “Opinions” section to help you structure your writing. Should America Have a Holiday Dedicated to Christopher Columbus? Your task is to write an Argumentative Essay with your position clearly defined as to why or why not America should have a holiday dedicated to Christopher Columbus. Your position should be clearly stated and should have evidence to support your position. Here are a few resources to help you get started: Indigenous Peoples Day How Columbus Day Fell Victim to Its Own Success Columbus Controversy Columbus’ Journals Give Students the Tools They Need Now that you’ve set the assignment, you need to give students the tools they need to be able to write their papers. What you don’t want is to get a paper that is one long stream-of-consciousness essay, or only cites Wikipedia articles as evidence. So, how can you help them? Provide Feedback at Every Step Brief conferences or “check-ins” throughout the writing process helps students stay on track. Ask questions while reading writing pieces with students, help them reflect, discuss ways to improve it, and guide them to making effective changes and edits. Having difficulty finding time to check in with every single one of your students? Peer-editing is a great way for students to share their work with classmates. Model what peer-editing should look like and include a checklist to help students stay focused and on-task while conferencing with their peers. We love the examples of how to give effective feedback in this Edutopia article by Marianne Stenger. Share Examples of Exemplary Work Of course we do not want our students to copy others’ work, but sharing a few high-quality examples provides students with good “role-models” to follow. Notice that students are having difficulty with transitions? Show them a writing piece where the transitions are smooth and well-organized. Are students relying too much on Wikipedia? Showcase an example of a writing piece that pulls in information from many different types of authoritative sources. Showcasing high-quality examples, and having a discussion on what makes particular pieces stellar, will make students conscious of what their work should include. Show that Rubrics Rock! Create a rubric to help keep students on-track with their writing. Make it simple enough for students to understand and encourage them to use it not only at the end of their assignment, but while writing it too. Add check off boxes next to the rubric components to help them self-assess their work and address areas that should be revised. With the tips above, your students will dive more confidently into their writing assignments and you can excitedly plan for your next writing assignment.

The Black Panther Party, By Huey Newton And Bobby Seale

The Black Panther Party The Black Panther Party was formed on October of 1966 in Oakland, California by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale. The Panthers had a very important part in the civil rights movement. The Black Panthers favored aggression, violent self defense of minority communities against the U.S government. The Panthers saw that Martin Luther King’s non-violence was not successful. The party fought to engage in a political revolution for socialism by organized and community based programs. The party agenda was to promote political equality across gender and color. They were active in the United States from 1966 until 1982. The Black Panther Party patrol black neighborhoods to keep track of police activities and protect the residents from police brutality. The Black Panther’s beliefs were based on Malcolm X. Malcolm spoke for a militant revolutionary. He said that it should be done with dignity and self-respect, to stand up and fight for equality for all oppressed minorities. The Black Panthers followed Malcolm’s idea of international working class unity. The way the party enforced this was by uniting with various minorities and white revolutionary groups. The Party had four major goals: equality, housing, employment, and civil rights. For this the party had â€Å"The Point Program.† This was a set of guidelines for the Black Panther Party ideas and ways of operation. Every Black Panther member had to follow these set of rules. On April 1967,Show MoreRelatedThe Black Panther Party, By Huey Newton And Bobby Seale872 Words   |  4 Pages The Black Panther Party October 1966, Huey Newton and Bobby Seale founded the Black Panther Party in oakland. Their plan was to practice self-defense against the government, to establish socialism, and community based programs, the article stated. It states that â€Å"the party was one of the first organizations in U.S. history to militantly struggle for ethnic minority and working class emancipation.† In other words, they wanted to come together and be equal no matterRead MoreThe Black Panthers For Self Defense1649 Words   |  7 PagesThe Black Panthers, originally named as the Black Panthers for Self-Defense, was an African American revolutionary party that had originated in Oakland, California. It was an organization that was founded by Huey Percy Newton and Bobby Seale in 1966. Not only that, but it was also the largest revolutionary organization that had ever existed. Their purpose was to protect fellow African-American residents from mistreatment from the authorities. During the 1960s, racial injust had spreaded throughoutRead MoreThe Black Of Black Panther Party1314 Words   |  6 PagesThe Black Panther Party did this through many different ways such as food banks, newspapers, free food and clothing. Led by many influential and powerful people, such as Martin L. King, Bobby Seale , and Huey Newton. Even though the Black Panthers were considered radical because of their use of force to protect the African American communities, their actions were just because their goals were to receive equal rights and opportunities as the white community had obtained. The Black Panther Party membersRead MoreThe Black Panther Party Essay1064 Words   |  5 PagesBlack Panther Party â€Å"We knew, as a revolutionary vanguard, repression would be the reaction of our oppressors, but we recognized that the task of the revolutionist is difficult and his life is short. We were prepared then, as we are now, to give our all in the interest of oppressed people† (Baggins). Radical and provocative, the 60’s was an era of complete political and social upheaval. Although the Civil Rights Act of 1964 had banned the discrimination of people based on race, color, religionRead MoreThe Impact Of The Black Panther Party 1156 Words   |  5 PagesNick Smith J. Buergel Civil Rights 5/11/16 The impact of â€Å"The Black Panther Party† â€Å"We knew, as a revolutionary vanguard, repression would be the reaction of our oppressors, but we recognized that the task of the revolutionist is difficult and his life is short. We were prepared then, as we are now, to give our all in the interest of oppressed people† (Baggins). Radical and provocative, the 60’s was an era of complete political and social upheaval. Although the Civil Rights Act of 1964Read MoreHuey Newton and the Black Panther Party668 Words   |  3 PagesHoward 1 Around the fall of 1966, the black civil rights movement was changing its strategies and goals all overnight. Many white Americans wanted to know what was the sudden change in the blacks because they haven’t been use to seeing such a proud race that was demanding equal rights. The black movement shift became obvious to the public in August of 1965, when President Johnson signed the Voting Rights Act that caused all the blacks to have pep in their step. After the signing there was many chaoticRead More Black Panther Party Essay1538 Words   |  7 Pages The Black Panther Party My survey paper for Assignment 4 is on the Black Panther Party. I will discuss the rise and the fall of the Black Panther Party and how Huey Newton and Bobby Seale met. I will also discuss some of the goals of the Black Panther Party, the good the party did for the black and poor communities. I will also discuss what they hoped to achieve from their movement. Huey Newton and Bobby Seale founded the Black Panther Party (BPP) in Oakland, California in 1966. The originalRead MoreThe Black Panther Party Fought For Civil Rights978 Words   |  4 Pages What was the Black Panther Party for Self Defense? During the turbulent 1960’s, the Black Panther party was initially established to protect the black community from police brutality. The Black Panther Party grew its membership by appealing to the sense of hopelessness in black American people. Although widely known for violence, the Black Panther Party had goals to organize and service the black and oppressed communities. Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale wrote an outline for the BPP, the TenRead MoreThe Black Panthers By Huey Newton And Bobby Seale1007 Words   |  5 PagesTitle The Black Panthers is a group or a party of Aafrican Aamericans that was formed to protect blacks from the white law enforcements. The group was established in 1966 by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale. The two leading revolutionary men created the national organization as a way to collectively combat white oppression. Dr Huey Percy Newton Born ( February 17 1942- August 22, 1989), Newton was born in Monroe, Louisiana. He was the youngest of seven children of Armelia Johnson and Walter Newton, a sharecropperRead More The Black Panther Party Essay813 Words   |  4 Pages The Black Panthers aren’t talked about much. The Panthers had made a huge difference in the civil rights movement. They were not just a Black KKK. They helped revolutionize the thought of African Americans in the U.S. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Black Panther had a huge background of history, goals, and beliefs. Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale in Oakland, Ca 1966, founded the Panthers. They were originally as an African American self defense force and were highly influenced by Malcolm X’s ideas

Analysis Of George Orwell s The Black Middle Class

About the Author ïÆ'Ëœ George Orwell, pseudonym of Eric Arthur Blair (born June 25, 1903 in Motihari, Bengal, India- died January 21, 1950, London, England). ïÆ'Ëœ Studied as a scholarship student in the most prestigious boarding schools in England. ïÆ'Ëœ Famously described his family as â€Å"lower-upper-middle class†, he never quite fit in and he felt oppressed by the dictatorial control exercised over the students’ lives at the schools he attended. ïÆ'Ëœ After graduating from Eton, Orwell decided to work as a British Imperial Policeman in Burma. ïÆ'Ëœ He ended up hating his duties in Burma, as he was required to enforce strict laws of a political regime he despised. ïÆ'Ëœ As an opponent of totalitarianism, he also served in the Loyalist forces in the Spanish civil war. ïÆ'Ëœ In Spain, Germany and the Soviet Union, Orwell has witnessed the danger of absolute political authority in an age of advanced technology. ïÆ'Ëœ 1984 is of negative utopian or dystopian genre. ïÆ'Ëœ In 1949, at the dawn of the nuclear age and before the television had become a fixture in the family home, Orwell’s vision of a post-atomic dictatorship in which every individual would be monitored ceaselessly by means of the telescreen seemed terrifyingly possible. ïÆ'Ëœ 1984 remains an important novel as it sounds the alarm against the abusive nature of authoritarian governments but also for its penetrating analysis of the psychology of power and the ways that manipulations of language can be used as mechanisms of control. Satire ïÆ'Ëœ The novelShow MoreRelatedSample Resume : My Time Management1664 Words   |  7 Pagespushed me to focus more on what s going on in the world, instead of staying focused on what s going on in Indianapolis, or the United States period. I met the challenge by not attending as many social events as I did in the past and I studied more. I watched more CNN and MSNBC. I also read the book 1984 by George Orwell. Any speech that President Barack Obama gave, I watched it, or I recorded to watch it if I could not watch it when it aired. I loved the class because it gave me a challenge andRead MoreGeorge Orwell23689 Words   |  95 PagesGeorge Orwell England Your England As I write, highly civilized human beings are flying overhead, trying to kill me. They do not feel any enmity against me as an individual, nor I against them. They are ‘only doing their duty’, as the saying goes. Most of them, I have no doubt, are kind-hearted lawabiding men who would never dream of committing murder in private life. On the other hand, if one of them succeeds in blowing me to pieces with a well-placed bomb, he will never sleep any the worse forRead MoreHistory of Social Work18530 Words   |  75 Pages.........................................................................28 Mary Richmond.......................................................................................................................................................29 George Orwell, John Howard Griffin, Pat Moore, Tolly Toynbee, Gà ¼nther Wallraff, Barbara Ehrenreich ............30 Sir William Beveridge .............................................................................. ...........................................Read MoreMahfuz7742 Words   |  31 Pagestwo decades of the 19th century, the U.S. was shifting—uneasily—from a loosely connected world of small towns, small businesses, and agriculture to an industrialized network of cities, factories, and large companies linked by rail. A rising middle class was professionalizing—early incarnations of the American Medical Association and the American Bar Association date from this era—and mounting a progressive push against corrupt political bosses and the finance capitalists, who were busy consolidating Read MoreANALIZ TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 Words   |  116 Pagesï » ¿TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS The purpose of Text Interpretation and Analysis is a literary and linguistic commentary in which the reader explains what the text reveals under close examination. Any literary work is unique. It is created by the author in accordance with his vision and is permeated with his idea of the world. The reader’s interpretation is also highly individual and depends to a great extent on his knowledge and personal experience. That’s why one cannot lay down a fixed â€Å"model†Read MoreImpact of Science on Society38427 Words   |  154 Pageslinks the strangest, most disparate elements, bringing together the m o s t unlikely combinations in unexpected ways t o create a new world. Is there a pattern t o change in different times and separate places in our history? C a n change be forecast? How does society live with perpetual innovation that, in changing the shape of its environment, also transforms its attitudes, morals, values? If the prime effect of change i s more change, is there a limit beyond which we will not be able t o go withoutRead MoreImpact of Science on Society38421 Words   |  154 Pageslinks the strangest, most d isparate elements, bringing together the m o s t unlikely combinations in unexpected ways t o create a new world. Is there a pattern t o change in different times and separate places in our history? C a n change be forecast? How does society live with perpetual innovation that, in changing the shape of its environment, also transforms its attitudes, morals, values? If the prime effect of change i s more change, is there a limit beyond which we will not be able t o go without

My Favourite Sport Swimming free essay sample

My Favourite Sport Swimming Swimming has been my favourite sport since I was very small. I learnt to swim when I was just 5 years old. Swimming is a very popular sport; furthermore, it provides individuals with several physical and mental benefits. There are some reasons why swimming is popular. Firstly, swimming is a sport for all age groups; besides, it is a lifetime activity. People can learn to swim as young as 4 or 5 years old or as old as 60 or 70. All it takes is the right instruction and desire to get in the pool. Secondly, swimming is cheap. You dont have to spend much money on it. All you need is just a swimsuit that makes you feel comfortable and a goggle that keeps water from your eyes. Even though you have to buy an admission ticket, it is not so expensive. Anyone can afford to go to swim. Finally, swimming is one of the most popular sports in the world. We will write a custom essay sample on My Favourite Sport Swimming or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Besides its popularity, swimming is a good activity that provides individuals with several physical benefits. First of all, swimming is a movement through water using ones legs and arms that provides an all body workout. As all of your muscles are used during swimming, it is an excellent form of exercise. Moreover, swimming can also be very beneficial to your heart and lungs. After a few laps, swimming can help you cool-down, move blood through your muscles to help them recover. Swimming builds up muscle strength , so your body is kept in perfect shape. In addition to its physical benefits, swimming is also an effective way to relax. Swim with a very low effort, let your mind wander, focus on nothing but the rhythm of your stroke. This form of meditation can help you gain a feeling of well-being. Furthermore, swimming is a wonderful recreational activity for you and your family. Swimming gives you a chance to be with your family or with some friends at the pool, or just to dip yourself in cool water. Spending hours at the pool on hot summer days is always my favourite pastime. In conclusion, swimming is not only popular, but it is also one of the best all body workout a person can do. Besides its physical benefits, swimming is also a great recreational sport giving you peace of mind to continue with your day. Swimming has numerous advantages over other exercises and if done consistently will keep you in shape for the long period of time.

The attractiveness model proposes Essay Example

The attractiveness model proposes Essay The attractiveness model proposes that the effectiveness of a message depends on the sources physical attractiveness, likeability, familiarity and similarity to the recipient of the message. (Shimp 2003:297) Evidence suggests that attractiveness is an important factor and this is reinforced by the empirical use of celebrity endorsers in the first who are general seen as physically attractive (Ohanion 1990:41). Without doubt the rapid rate at which fans adopt the new Beckham hairstyle supports this and highlights his effectiveness in appealing to target audience aspirations. A study conducted by Zhou (2004) found that these western appeals worked on high involvement goods and although the local cultures concept of beauty is different, the inspirational aspect became so vital that such ads are quite successful as long as western models are used. Following on the concept of attractiveness and the need to use western models, current evidence emerging in China demonstrates the adaptable use of a foreign celebrity known as Dashan . Canadian by birth, this lanky Ottawa is relatively unknown in Canada however he is now renowned as the first westerner to perform the ancient Chinese art of xiangsheng, or comedic dialogue. Roswell, 39, is prospering in a society where TV performers work for minimal pay, earning his keep through lucrative advertising endorsement . (www. chinadaily. com ) The Dashan character provides Rowswell with a decent income and has enabled him to carry the personal satisfaction that his efforts may chip away at the Great Wall of cultural misunderstanding between China and the West. We will write a custom essay sample on The attractiveness model proposes specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The attractiveness model proposes specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The attractiveness model proposes specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer He collaborates and notes I try to bring to the Chinese a new image of foreigners that flies in the face of the stereotypes most have grown up with,(www. chinadaily. com ). This is a dynamic example of the use of foreigners in endorsements and shows how attractiveness , credibility and match up can be suited to a differing cultural context Unfortunately physical attractiveness is a difficult concept to define. The old adage that beauty is in the eye of the beholder is applicable here. (Benoy 1982:15) . This leads one to the admission that different cultures will ultimately perceive physical attractiveness in a different way and individuals who would be considered attractive in one country may be considered unattractive in another. (Rhodes, Zebrowitz: 1997) A clear example would be the depiction of beautiful women in the west. Generally, evidence suggest that women who are tall elegant and slim are regarded as beautiful. In contrast, Africans consider fullness of figure as vital while height is not as important. One would therefore assume that western models would have no appeal in these cultures . Evidence suggest otherwise , most depiction of models in multinational firms in China have western views of beauty. Despite David Beckhams seemingly global appeal, there are instances when his endorsements have been received in bad taste as happened in Iran (some cultures attach less importance to physical beauty than others). Research reveals that collectivistic cultures attach less significance to physical attractiveness while individualism is directly related to stereotyping and physical attractiveness. This therefore explains why Beckham as an endorser in China is eclipsed by Luo Xian ( www.chainatoday. com ) who is regarded as being more attractive. Furthermore, Erdogan, et al. (2001) found that trustworthiness and expertise were more important for technical products. Thus it would be reasonable to conclude that the concept of physical attractive is more essential when considering endorsements of non technical products. In general, physically attractive endorsers are seen as more effective than less attractive endorsers in terms of creating favourable impressions towards the advertised brands and products (Shimp 2003). It can be seen from the evidence presented that attractiveness, likeability and personality are more related to attention getting whereas expertise is closely related to intention to purchase . What is clear is that celebrities are a more attractive and credible source in advertising, consequently these factors should have a bearing on how celebrities are used in a cross cultural context as these dimensions are affected by culture. Dimensions of culture High vs. low context Culture has been shown to be one of the most obvious and frequently used orientations for showing differences between Asian and western societies (Cho et al. 1999; Kim, Pan, and Park 1998). In the advertising context such differences are highlighted by the differing communication facets. These dimensions suggest two kinds of communication types. A high context communication is one in which most of the information is already available in the physical context or within the persons frame of reference. Whereas a low context communication is just the opposite, in that the mass of the information is emphasised in the explicit code. In high-context cultures (China), messages are conveyed in an abstract, implicit, and indirect manner. In contrast, communication in low-context cultures is more straightforward, explicit, and direct. Western countries such as the United States are characterized as low-context cultures whereas, Asian cultures such as Japan and Korea exhibit a high-context communication style. (Chow et al. 1999; Hall 1976). This point is important because it raises questions about whether an endorser can be truly global and use similar appeals and endorsement techniques between different countries, evidence gathered so far and practical examples show that there is a crucial need to adapt at least the communication style of the host country. It is fair to conclude that in low context cultures celebrity endorsements are often information orientated and follow a central route to persuasion. Conversely, in high context cultures advertising tends to be more emotional, symbolic and should follow a peripheral route to persuasion. Individualism vs. collectivism Another common cultural dimension is to compare individualistic versus collective societies. Originating from Hoofsteds work in 1984 this concept shows how different values are appreciated across cultures. Individualistic societies such as the UK show high realisation, independence and high levels of competition characteristic of western societies. In contrast, collective societies emphasise interdependence , harmony , family , group oriented goals and low levels of competition . (hofstede 1984) These concepts also influence advertising and celebrity endorsements . Advertising in individualistic countries often emphasises independence, uniqueness and success of individuals. In contrast, collective cultures use endorsements that show the cultural values of interdependence, integrity group goals and concern for others. In this respect employing celebrities to endorse products seems to be more fitting to collectivistic cultures because celebrities transfer symbolic meanings and this is an integral part of high context culture communications. Conclusions This paper has clarified the meaning of celebrities and endorsements. We have further expanded by including how one becomes a celebrity and deviated from the norm by showing that one does not necessarily have to be successful in a particular arena to qualify as a celebrity. This study has therefore highlighted the importance of media (such as television) in the making of celebrities. There is a suggestion that celebrities can be purposefully built and used in the endorsement process. Particular examples relating to popular Big brother television series have been cited to prove this. The study has shown that culture inevitably influences the content and style of advertising across countries. Celebrity endorsement provides a frame of reference with the product for consumers. Advertising techniques will naturally vary across different countries. Given the financial implications of cross country advertising it is important to assess these differences. The report has clearly demonstrated the need for this through practical examples that relate to the need for adaptation toward local audiences in the celebrity endorsement process. Comparing such differences has added depth and clarity to understanding comparisons involving the study cultures that vary on the major constructs with sufficient functional similarities such as China and the U. K (Berry 1980). Celebrity endorsements have been analysed from three important aspects credibility, attractiveness and meaning transfer. It has also been clearly shown that credibility is not as important a factor as suggested by literature. The rap culture example is clear testimony that even seemingly unconvincing celebrity endorsers can still successfully promote consumer products. It can be concluded that, although credibility does influence the success of the endorsement process, it is not a deciding factor. Moreover advertisers can take advantage of such endorsers and attempt to match them to target audience cultural values, however extreme. Attractiveness has been shown to be a unique concept that allows and enables the penetration of celebrity endorsement into the cluttered media space. Attractive celebrities have been shown to be quite effective. However this paper has noted the different interpretations of beauty across the cultures. These do not seem to significantly affect the use of such celebrity endorsees in different countries. In fact it would seem that there is a growing convergence towards the western definition of beauty and that these can be used to inspire target audiences in other countries. There is little doubt that the, Dashan example offers new insights into how both the transfer of meaning , credibility and attractiveness can be incorporated in cross cultural celebrity endorsements . Careful pre-test of celebrity endorsements should be carried out in such markets before the endorsement strategy is fully implemented. The match up hypothesis has been shown to be outdated and inadequate in explaining the success of celebrity endorser who has promoted products that are either outside their area of expertise, rival competing brands or products that have little fit with their characteristics. Although this theory must inevitably be used as a baseline, It seems possible in international advertising to venture in product endorsements that may have little fit with the endorser and take advantage of other aspects such as credibility and attractiveness instead. Although the first part of McCracken model is quite precise, the second part needs further expansion and the model misses essentially ingredients necessary in the understanding of the transfer of meaning. In this respect it is necessary to first look at the product and relate it to cultural aspirations and then ultimately adjusts the endorser execution or presentation of the product to suit the national or cultural appeals. It would be folly for example, to have endorsement in China based on the Beckham sex appeal as often seen in the U. K. The importances of cultural considerations have been carefully appraised and should complement the implementation and understanding how advertising works. We can reach the logical conclusion that Chinese audiences are more likely to conform to group norms and more likely to follow pre-dominant trends , unlike their western counterparts . Ultimately, this essay has shown that cross cultural celebrity endorsement is still a relatively new area of research. In addition, there is inconsistency in how celebrities are used at an international level. It is also unlikely that international celebrity endorsements can succeed without relative adaptation of both the product, the message and the endorser to suit prevailing cultural considerations in the host country. The degree and extent of adaptation will differ depending on the psychic distance between the endorse and the target audience. Limitations Given the mentioned importance of cross cultural similarities and differences, findings of this study do not provide answers regarding how often celebrities are used in the two differing cultures. Neither is it clarified as to how far celebrity endorsers can be extended in different countries. Such answers can be derived from a more substantial content analysis rather than a qualitative report. There is also a need to research the extent of public glamorisation between cultures, and how personal characteristics may influence this. Although this paper attempted to demonstrate the differing endorsements strategies between countries, it fails to provide enough examples largely due to its qualitative nature. Advertising practitioners need to know more than just when to use a celebrity endorser. They should also be clear on how to use endorsers. It may be necessary to examine how this can be done indifferent countries. Bibliography 1. Agrawal, Jagdish, and Wagner A. Kamakura (1995), The Economic Worth of Celebrity Endorsers: An Event Study Analysis Journal of Marketing, 59 (3), 5 2. Benoy, J, (1982) the credibility of physically attractive communicators, A Review of journal of Advertising 11. 3 p15-23 3. Choi S. M , Lee W. N, Kim. H. J(2005) Lessons From The Rich and Famous :A Cross cultural Comparison of Celebrity Endorsement in Advertising , Journal of advertising vol 34 iss. 2pg 85