Write a Brief Description of the Fiscal Policy of the United States. Free Essays

The Death Of A Salesman How Biff free essay sample

The Death Of A Salesman: How Biff Shows Irresponsibility Essay, Research Paper The Death of A Salesman: How Biff Shows Irresponsibility Have you ever felt as though you do non cognize what to make with your life? Everybody does once in a while, yet certain individuals resemble that their entire life. These individuals are flighty and rely upon others to last. In # 8220 ; Death of a Sales rep # 8221 ; , Biff is one of these individuals. He is flighty in light of the fact that he depends on Happy, relies upon Willy, and does non cognize what to make for a real existence. Biff turns upward on Happy as a delineation of good life. He can't help suspecting that Glad # 8217 ; s life is steady and effective. Despite the fact that this is non valid, Biff Lashkar-e-Taibas it trouble him. He needs Happy to obtain him an occupation in New York so they could work together. This shows a portion of his reliance and flightiness. We will compose a custom article test on The Death Of A Salesman How Biff or then again any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Punch does non look as though he could populate on his ain effectively. This disillusions both Upbeat and Willy. Be that as it may, this is non the solitary employment Biff has. Biff other than relies upon Willy to obtain him through life. Willy # 8217 ; s low moral thought processes cause Biff to trust it # 8217 ; s OK to focus on football when he was in secondary school. Biff does non accept he needs to work in school. At the point when he fails math, he does non cognize what to make and once again twists to Wil ly. Presently Biff can non travel to school and since he has been focusing on football, he has practically zero achievements at whatever else. He relies upon Willy # 8217 ; s backing to help him. Be that as it may, since Willy # 8217 ; s viewpoints of Biff are non met, Biff does non have the guide he requests and gets off on his ain. This leaves Biff to happen an end throughout everyday life and run it. At last, Biff does non cognize what to make for a real existence. He is perpetually going about, uncertain of what to make straightaway. This might be a direct result of his uncertainness of a henceforth. Biff has neer held a consistent occupation. Along these lines, he has neer held a consistent spot. This shows a clump of recklessness. Until he comprehends what he needs to make, Pummel can non settle down and go an adult. This incongruence in business makes Biff flighty. So far in Biff # 8217 ; s life, he has non achieved anything. He relies upon Upbeat and Willy, and does non cognize what to make for a real existence. He understands that he has squandered his life and needs to happen something other than football to win in. With Happy going worn out on his jokes and Willy near the precarious edge of a disengagement, Biff is currently on his ain and needs to go capable. Potentially following clasp you wear # 8217 ; T cognize what to make with your life, you # 8217 ; ll accept a little harder.

A Guide to Helping Your Students Through the Writing Process

A Guide to Helping Your Students Through the Writing Process (0) Sometimes, when you assign students a writing task, they immediately balk. For students, writing assignments can be overwhelming â€" there are so many components for them to keep track of that they often don’t even know how to start. But it doesn’t have to be that way. Technology makes it easier than ever for students to work through the writing process and to know what they need to do and how to stay organized along the way. Here are some tips for supporting students through the writing process: Start Out On The “Write” Foot Many students need support before you even hand out a writing assignment. You need to set the groundwork. To make sure students know what to do with a writing assignment, you can frontload the assignment with instruction on how to dissect a task and get started with writing. You might want to start by showing your students the following video, “Breaking Down an Argumentative Writing Task,” from the EasyBib vault.  It gives students prewriting strategies like identifying audience, brainstorming, and starting with a hypothesis. Breaking Down Tasks After students complete the lesson, you can use the analytics to quickly see who needs more help and who is ready to start writing! Tip: Even if you’ve already completed a number of writing projects in your class, it’s always good to review best practices with your students. Set the Assignment As students build out their skills, they can start applying what they’ve learned about the writing process to a writing assignment. Students should be writing for many different purposes and at different times of the year. But, if you need some inspiration for authentic writing tasks, here are a few assignments you can start with: Get Informed! Presidential Candidate Profiles This year, we will elect a new president. During election season, there is a lot of information flying around about each candidate. It can be hard to know what’s true, what’s being exaggerated, and what is a flat out lie. To help your classmates stay informed, you will write a well-researched profile of one presidential candidate and his or views. For your profile, you will need to pick one candidate, provide some biographic information and explain the candidate’s views on taxes, education, and foreign policy. Your profile should be supported by at least three credible sources. Letter to the editor: What’s your cause? Identify a community issue that is important to you. This could be a law you disagree with, a law that you think should be established, a neighborhood park that needs attention, an issue in schools â€" anything that affects the members of your community. Begin gathering sources from databases and websites that help you learn more about the cause you chose. Make sure your are using relevant, authoritative sources. Write a letter to the editor explaining what the issue is and what steps community members should take to address the issue. Use the examples you studied from your local “Opinions” section to help you structure your writing. Should America Have a Holiday Dedicated to Christopher Columbus? Your task is to write an Argumentative Essay with your position clearly defined as to why or why not America should have a holiday dedicated to Christopher Columbus. Your position should be clearly stated and should have evidence to support your position. Here are a few resources to help you get started: Indigenous Peoples Day How Columbus Day Fell Victim to Its Own Success Columbus Controversy Columbus’ Journals Give Students the Tools They Need Now that you’ve set the assignment, you need to give students the tools they need to be able to write their papers. What you don’t want is to get a paper that is one long stream-of-consciousness essay, or only cites Wikipedia articles as evidence. So, how can you help them? Provide Feedback at Every Step Brief conferences or “check-ins” throughout the writing process helps students stay on track. Ask questions while reading writing pieces with students, help them reflect, discuss ways to improve it, and guide them to making effective changes and edits. Having difficulty finding time to check in with every single one of your students? Peer-editing is a great way for students to share their work with classmates. Model what peer-editing should look like and include a checklist to help students stay focused and on-task while conferencing with their peers. We love the examples of how to give effective feedback in this Edutopia article by Marianne Stenger. Share Examples of Exemplary Work Of course we do not want our students to copy others’ work, but sharing a few high-quality examples provides students with good “role-models” to follow. Notice that students are having difficulty with transitions? Show them a writing piece where the transitions are smooth and well-organized. Are students relying too much on Wikipedia? Showcase an example of a writing piece that pulls in information from many different types of authoritative sources. Showcasing high-quality examples, and having a discussion on what makes particular pieces stellar, will make students conscious of what their work should include. Show that Rubrics Rock! Create a rubric to help keep students on-track with their writing. Make it simple enough for students to understand and encourage them to use it not only at the end of their assignment, but while writing it too. Add check off boxes next to the rubric components to help them self-assess their work and address areas that should be revised. With the tips above, your students will dive more confidently into their writing assignments and you can excitedly plan for your next writing assignment.

The Black Panther Party, By Huey Newton And Bobby Seale

The Black Panther Party The Black Panther Party was formed on October of 1966 in Oakland, California by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale. The Panthers had a very important part in the civil rights movement. The Black Panthers favored aggression, violent self defense of minority communities against the U.S government. The Panthers saw that Martin Luther King’s non-violence was not successful. The party fought to engage in a political revolution for socialism by organized and community based programs. The party agenda was to promote political equality across gender and color. They were active in the United States from 1966 until 1982. The Black Panther Party patrol black neighborhoods to keep track of police activities and protect the residents from police brutality. The Black Panther’s beliefs were based on Malcolm X. Malcolm spoke for a militant revolutionary. He said that it should be done with dignity and self-respect, to stand up and fight for equality for all oppressed minorities. The Black Panthers followed Malcolm’s idea of international working class unity. The way the party enforced this was by uniting with various minorities and white revolutionary groups. The Party had four major goals: equality, housing, employment, and civil rights. For this the party had â€Å"The Point Program.† This was a set of guidelines for the Black Panther Party ideas and ways of operation. Every Black Panther member had to follow these set of rules. On April 1967,Show MoreRelatedThe Black Panther Party, By Huey Newton And Bobby Seale872 Words   |  4 Pages The Black Panther Party October 1966, Huey Newton and Bobby Seale founded the Black Panther Party in oakland. Their plan was to practice self-defense against the government, to establish socialism, and community based programs, the article stated. It states that â€Å"the party was one of the first organizations in U.S. history to militantly struggle for ethnic minority and working class emancipation.† In other words, they wanted to come together and be equal no matterRead MoreThe Black Panthers For Self Defense1649 Words   |  7 PagesThe Black Panthers, originally named as the Black Panthers for Self-Defense, was an African American revolutionary party that had originated in Oakland, California. It was an organization that was founded by Huey Percy Newton and Bobby Seale in 1966. Not only that, but it was also the largest revolutionary organization that had ever existed. Their purpose was to protect fellow African-American residents from mistreatment from the authorities. During the 1960s, racial injust had spreaded throughoutRead MoreThe Black Of Black Panther Party1314 Words   |  6 PagesThe Black Panther Party did this through many different ways such as food banks, newspapers, free food and clothing. Led by many influential and powerful people, such as Martin L. King, Bobby Seale , and Huey Newton. Even though the Black Panthers were considered radical because of their use of force to protect the African American communities, their actions were just because their goals were to receive equal rights and opportunities as the white community had obtained. The Black Panther Party membersRead MoreThe Black Panther Party Essay1064 Words   |  5 PagesBlack Panther Party â€Å"We knew, as a revolutionary vanguard, repression would be the reaction of our oppressors, but we recognized that the task of the revolutionist is difficult and his life is short. We were prepared then, as we are now, to give our all in the interest of oppressed people† (Baggins). Radical and provocative, the 60’s was an era of complete political and social upheaval. Although the Civil Rights Act of 1964 had banned the discrimination of people based on race, color, religionRead MoreThe Impact Of The Black Panther Party 1156 Words   |  5 PagesNick Smith J. Buergel Civil Rights 5/11/16 The impact of â€Å"The Black Panther Party† â€Å"We knew, as a revolutionary vanguard, repression would be the reaction of our oppressors, but we recognized that the task of the revolutionist is difficult and his life is short. We were prepared then, as we are now, to give our all in the interest of oppressed people† (Baggins). Radical and provocative, the 60’s was an era of complete political and social upheaval. Although the Civil Rights Act of 1964Read MoreHuey Newton and the Black Panther Party668 Words   |  3 PagesHoward 1 Around the fall of 1966, the black civil rights movement was changing its strategies and goals all overnight. Many white Americans wanted to know what was the sudden change in the blacks because they haven’t been use to seeing such a proud race that was demanding equal rights. The black movement shift became obvious to the public in August of 1965, when President Johnson signed the Voting Rights Act that caused all the blacks to have pep in their step. After the signing there was many chaoticRead More Black Panther Party Essay1538 Words   |  7 Pages The Black Panther Party My survey paper for Assignment 4 is on the Black Panther Party. I will discuss the rise and the fall of the Black Panther Party and how Huey Newton and Bobby Seale met. I will also discuss some of the goals of the Black Panther Party, the good the party did for the black and poor communities. I will also discuss what they hoped to achieve from their movement. Huey Newton and Bobby Seale founded the Black Panther Party (BPP) in Oakland, California in 1966. The originalRead MoreThe Black Panther Party Fought For Civil Rights978 Words   |  4 Pages What was the Black Panther Party for Self Defense? During the turbulent 1960’s, the Black Panther party was initially established to protect the black community from police brutality. The Black Panther Party grew its membership by appealing to the sense of hopelessness in black American people. Although widely known for violence, the Black Panther Party had goals to organize and service the black and oppressed communities. Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale wrote an outline for the BPP, the TenRead MoreThe Black Panthers By Huey Newton And Bobby Seale1007 Words   |  5 PagesTitle The Black Panthers is a group or a party of Aafrican Aamericans that was formed to protect blacks from the white law enforcements. The group was established in 1966 by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale. The two leading revolutionary men created the national organization as a way to collectively combat white oppression. Dr Huey Percy Newton Born ( February 17 1942- August 22, 1989), Newton was born in Monroe, Louisiana. He was the youngest of seven children of Armelia Johnson and Walter Newton, a sharecropperRead More The Black Panther Party Essay813 Words   |  4 Pages The Black Panthers aren’t talked about much. The Panthers had made a huge difference in the civil rights movement. They were not just a Black KKK. They helped revolutionize the thought of African Americans in the U.S. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Black Panther had a huge background of history, goals, and beliefs. Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale in Oakland, Ca 1966, founded the Panthers. They were originally as an African American self defense force and were highly influenced by Malcolm X’s ideas

Analysis Of George Orwell s The Black Middle Class

About the Author ïÆ'Ëœ George Orwell, pseudonym of Eric Arthur Blair (born June 25, 1903 in Motihari, Bengal, India- died January 21, 1950, London, England). ïÆ'Ëœ Studied as a scholarship student in the most prestigious boarding schools in England. ïÆ'Ëœ Famously described his family as â€Å"lower-upper-middle class†, he never quite fit in and he felt oppressed by the dictatorial control exercised over the students’ lives at the schools he attended. ïÆ'Ëœ After graduating from Eton, Orwell decided to work as a British Imperial Policeman in Burma. ïÆ'Ëœ He ended up hating his duties in Burma, as he was required to enforce strict laws of a political regime he despised. ïÆ'Ëœ As an opponent of totalitarianism, he also served in the Loyalist forces in the Spanish civil war. ïÆ'Ëœ In Spain, Germany and the Soviet Union, Orwell has witnessed the danger of absolute political authority in an age of advanced technology. ïÆ'Ëœ 1984 is of negative utopian or dystopian genre. ïÆ'Ëœ In 1949, at the dawn of the nuclear age and before the television had become a fixture in the family home, Orwell’s vision of a post-atomic dictatorship in which every individual would be monitored ceaselessly by means of the telescreen seemed terrifyingly possible. ïÆ'Ëœ 1984 remains an important novel as it sounds the alarm against the abusive nature of authoritarian governments but also for its penetrating analysis of the psychology of power and the ways that manipulations of language can be used as mechanisms of control. Satire ïÆ'Ëœ The novelShow MoreRelatedSample Resume : My Time Management1664 Words   |  7 Pagespushed me to focus more on what s going on in the world, instead of staying focused on what s going on in Indianapolis, or the United States period. I met the challenge by not attending as many social events as I did in the past and I studied more. I watched more CNN and MSNBC. I also read the book 1984 by George Orwell. Any speech that President Barack Obama gave, I watched it, or I recorded to watch it if I could not watch it when it aired. I loved the class because it gave me a challenge andRead MoreGeorge Orwell23689 Words   |  95 PagesGeorge Orwell England Your England As I write, highly civilized human beings are flying overhead, trying to kill me. They do not feel any enmity against me as an individual, nor I against them. They are ‘only doing their duty’, as the saying goes. Most of them, I have no doubt, are kind-hearted lawabiding men who would never dream of committing murder in private life. On the other hand, if one of them succeeds in blowing me to pieces with a well-placed bomb, he will never sleep any the worse forRead MoreHistory of Social Work18530 Words   |  75 Pages.........................................................................28 Mary Richmond.......................................................................................................................................................29 George Orwell, John Howard Griffin, Pat Moore, Tolly Toynbee, Gà ¼nther Wallraff, Barbara Ehrenreich ............30 Sir William Beveridge .............................................................................. ...........................................Read MoreMahfuz7742 Words   |  31 Pagestwo decades of the 19th century, the U.S. was shifting—uneasily—from a loosely connected world of small towns, small businesses, and agriculture to an industrialized network of cities, factories, and large companies linked by rail. A rising middle class was professionalizing—early incarnations of the American Medical Association and the American Bar Association date from this era—and mounting a progressive push against corrupt political bosses and the finance capitalists, who were busy consolidating Read MoreANALIZ TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 Words   |  116 Pagesï » ¿TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS The purpose of Text Interpretation and Analysis is a literary and linguistic commentary in which the reader explains what the text reveals under close examination. Any literary work is unique. It is created by the author in accordance with his vision and is permeated with his idea of the world. The reader’s interpretation is also highly individual and depends to a great extent on his knowledge and personal experience. That’s why one cannot lay down a fixed â€Å"model†Read MoreImpact of Science on Society38427 Words   |  154 Pageslinks the strangest, most disparate elements, bringing together the m o s t unlikely combinations in unexpected ways t o create a new world. Is there a pattern t o change in different times and separate places in our history? C a n change be forecast? How does society live with perpetual innovation that, in changing the shape of its environment, also transforms its attitudes, morals, values? If the prime effect of change i s more change, is there a limit beyond which we will not be able t o go withoutRead MoreImpact of Science on Society38421 Words   |  154 Pageslinks the strangest, most d isparate elements, bringing together the m o s t unlikely combinations in unexpected ways t o create a new world. Is there a pattern t o change in different times and separate places in our history? C a n change be forecast? How does society live with perpetual innovation that, in changing the shape of its environment, also transforms its attitudes, morals, values? If the prime effect of change i s more change, is there a limit beyond which we will not be able t o go without

My Favourite Sport Swimming free essay sample

My Favourite Sport Swimming Swimming has been my favourite sport since I was very small. I learnt to swim when I was just 5 years old. Swimming is a very popular sport; furthermore, it provides individuals with several physical and mental benefits. There are some reasons why swimming is popular. Firstly, swimming is a sport for all age groups; besides, it is a lifetime activity. People can learn to swim as young as 4 or 5 years old or as old as 60 or 70. All it takes is the right instruction and desire to get in the pool. Secondly, swimming is cheap. You dont have to spend much money on it. All you need is just a swimsuit that makes you feel comfortable and a goggle that keeps water from your eyes. Even though you have to buy an admission ticket, it is not so expensive. Anyone can afford to go to swim. Finally, swimming is one of the most popular sports in the world. We will write a custom essay sample on My Favourite Sport Swimming or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Besides its popularity, swimming is a good activity that provides individuals with several physical benefits. First of all, swimming is a movement through water using ones legs and arms that provides an all body workout. As all of your muscles are used during swimming, it is an excellent form of exercise. Moreover, swimming can also be very beneficial to your heart and lungs. After a few laps, swimming can help you cool-down, move blood through your muscles to help them recover. Swimming builds up muscle strength , so your body is kept in perfect shape. In addition to its physical benefits, swimming is also an effective way to relax. Swim with a very low effort, let your mind wander, focus on nothing but the rhythm of your stroke. This form of meditation can help you gain a feeling of well-being. Furthermore, swimming is a wonderful recreational activity for you and your family. Swimming gives you a chance to be with your family or with some friends at the pool, or just to dip yourself in cool water. Spending hours at the pool on hot summer days is always my favourite pastime. In conclusion, swimming is not only popular, but it is also one of the best all body workout a person can do. Besides its physical benefits, swimming is also a great recreational sport giving you peace of mind to continue with your day. Swimming has numerous advantages over other exercises and if done consistently will keep you in shape for the long period of time.

The attractiveness model proposes Essay Example

The attractiveness model proposes Essay The attractiveness model proposes that the effectiveness of a message depends on the sources physical attractiveness, likeability, familiarity and similarity to the recipient of the message. (Shimp 2003:297) Evidence suggests that attractiveness is an important factor and this is reinforced by the empirical use of celebrity endorsers in the first who are general seen as physically attractive (Ohanion 1990:41). Without doubt the rapid rate at which fans adopt the new Beckham hairstyle supports this and highlights his effectiveness in appealing to target audience aspirations. A study conducted by Zhou (2004) found that these western appeals worked on high involvement goods and although the local cultures concept of beauty is different, the inspirational aspect became so vital that such ads are quite successful as long as western models are used. Following on the concept of attractiveness and the need to use western models, current evidence emerging in China demonstrates the adaptable use of a foreign celebrity known as Dashan . Canadian by birth, this lanky Ottawa is relatively unknown in Canada however he is now renowned as the first westerner to perform the ancient Chinese art of xiangsheng, or comedic dialogue. Roswell, 39, is prospering in a society where TV performers work for minimal pay, earning his keep through lucrative advertising endorsement . (www. chinadaily. com ) The Dashan character provides Rowswell with a decent income and has enabled him to carry the personal satisfaction that his efforts may chip away at the Great Wall of cultural misunderstanding between China and the West. We will write a custom essay sample on The attractiveness model proposes specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The attractiveness model proposes specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The attractiveness model proposes specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer He collaborates and notes I try to bring to the Chinese a new image of foreigners that flies in the face of the stereotypes most have grown up with,(www. chinadaily. com ). This is a dynamic example of the use of foreigners in endorsements and shows how attractiveness , credibility and match up can be suited to a differing cultural context Unfortunately physical attractiveness is a difficult concept to define. The old adage that beauty is in the eye of the beholder is applicable here. (Benoy 1982:15) . This leads one to the admission that different cultures will ultimately perceive physical attractiveness in a different way and individuals who would be considered attractive in one country may be considered unattractive in another. (Rhodes, Zebrowitz: 1997) A clear example would be the depiction of beautiful women in the west. Generally, evidence suggest that women who are tall elegant and slim are regarded as beautiful. In contrast, Africans consider fullness of figure as vital while height is not as important. One would therefore assume that western models would have no appeal in these cultures . Evidence suggest otherwise , most depiction of models in multinational firms in China have western views of beauty. Despite David Beckhams seemingly global appeal, there are instances when his endorsements have been received in bad taste as happened in Iran (some cultures attach less importance to physical beauty than others). Research reveals that collectivistic cultures attach less significance to physical attractiveness while individualism is directly related to stereotyping and physical attractiveness. This therefore explains why Beckham as an endorser in China is eclipsed by Luo Xian ( www.chainatoday. com ) who is regarded as being more attractive. Furthermore, Erdogan, et al. (2001) found that trustworthiness and expertise were more important for technical products. Thus it would be reasonable to conclude that the concept of physical attractive is more essential when considering endorsements of non technical products. In general, physically attractive endorsers are seen as more effective than less attractive endorsers in terms of creating favourable impressions towards the advertised brands and products (Shimp 2003). It can be seen from the evidence presented that attractiveness, likeability and personality are more related to attention getting whereas expertise is closely related to intention to purchase . What is clear is that celebrities are a more attractive and credible source in advertising, consequently these factors should have a bearing on how celebrities are used in a cross cultural context as these dimensions are affected by culture. Dimensions of culture High vs. low context Culture has been shown to be one of the most obvious and frequently used orientations for showing differences between Asian and western societies (Cho et al. 1999; Kim, Pan, and Park 1998). In the advertising context such differences are highlighted by the differing communication facets. These dimensions suggest two kinds of communication types. A high context communication is one in which most of the information is already available in the physical context or within the persons frame of reference. Whereas a low context communication is just the opposite, in that the mass of the information is emphasised in the explicit code. In high-context cultures (China), messages are conveyed in an abstract, implicit, and indirect manner. In contrast, communication in low-context cultures is more straightforward, explicit, and direct. Western countries such as the United States are characterized as low-context cultures whereas, Asian cultures such as Japan and Korea exhibit a high-context communication style. (Chow et al. 1999; Hall 1976). This point is important because it raises questions about whether an endorser can be truly global and use similar appeals and endorsement techniques between different countries, evidence gathered so far and practical examples show that there is a crucial need to adapt at least the communication style of the host country. It is fair to conclude that in low context cultures celebrity endorsements are often information orientated and follow a central route to persuasion. Conversely, in high context cultures advertising tends to be more emotional, symbolic and should follow a peripheral route to persuasion. Individualism vs. collectivism Another common cultural dimension is to compare individualistic versus collective societies. Originating from Hoofsteds work in 1984 this concept shows how different values are appreciated across cultures. Individualistic societies such as the UK show high realisation, independence and high levels of competition characteristic of western societies. In contrast, collective societies emphasise interdependence , harmony , family , group oriented goals and low levels of competition . (hofstede 1984) These concepts also influence advertising and celebrity endorsements . Advertising in individualistic countries often emphasises independence, uniqueness and success of individuals. In contrast, collective cultures use endorsements that show the cultural values of interdependence, integrity group goals and concern for others. In this respect employing celebrities to endorse products seems to be more fitting to collectivistic cultures because celebrities transfer symbolic meanings and this is an integral part of high context culture communications. Conclusions This paper has clarified the meaning of celebrities and endorsements. We have further expanded by including how one becomes a celebrity and deviated from the norm by showing that one does not necessarily have to be successful in a particular arena to qualify as a celebrity. This study has therefore highlighted the importance of media (such as television) in the making of celebrities. There is a suggestion that celebrities can be purposefully built and used in the endorsement process. Particular examples relating to popular Big brother television series have been cited to prove this. The study has shown that culture inevitably influences the content and style of advertising across countries. Celebrity endorsement provides a frame of reference with the product for consumers. Advertising techniques will naturally vary across different countries. Given the financial implications of cross country advertising it is important to assess these differences. The report has clearly demonstrated the need for this through practical examples that relate to the need for adaptation toward local audiences in the celebrity endorsement process. Comparing such differences has added depth and clarity to understanding comparisons involving the study cultures that vary on the major constructs with sufficient functional similarities such as China and the U. K (Berry 1980). Celebrity endorsements have been analysed from three important aspects credibility, attractiveness and meaning transfer. It has also been clearly shown that credibility is not as important a factor as suggested by literature. The rap culture example is clear testimony that even seemingly unconvincing celebrity endorsers can still successfully promote consumer products. It can be concluded that, although credibility does influence the success of the endorsement process, it is not a deciding factor. Moreover advertisers can take advantage of such endorsers and attempt to match them to target audience cultural values, however extreme. Attractiveness has been shown to be a unique concept that allows and enables the penetration of celebrity endorsement into the cluttered media space. Attractive celebrities have been shown to be quite effective. However this paper has noted the different interpretations of beauty across the cultures. These do not seem to significantly affect the use of such celebrity endorsees in different countries. In fact it would seem that there is a growing convergence towards the western definition of beauty and that these can be used to inspire target audiences in other countries. There is little doubt that the, Dashan example offers new insights into how both the transfer of meaning , credibility and attractiveness can be incorporated in cross cultural celebrity endorsements . Careful pre-test of celebrity endorsements should be carried out in such markets before the endorsement strategy is fully implemented. The match up hypothesis has been shown to be outdated and inadequate in explaining the success of celebrity endorser who has promoted products that are either outside their area of expertise, rival competing brands or products that have little fit with their characteristics. Although this theory must inevitably be used as a baseline, It seems possible in international advertising to venture in product endorsements that may have little fit with the endorser and take advantage of other aspects such as credibility and attractiveness instead. Although the first part of McCracken model is quite precise, the second part needs further expansion and the model misses essentially ingredients necessary in the understanding of the transfer of meaning. In this respect it is necessary to first look at the product and relate it to cultural aspirations and then ultimately adjusts the endorser execution or presentation of the product to suit the national or cultural appeals. It would be folly for example, to have endorsement in China based on the Beckham sex appeal as often seen in the U. K. The importances of cultural considerations have been carefully appraised and should complement the implementation and understanding how advertising works. We can reach the logical conclusion that Chinese audiences are more likely to conform to group norms and more likely to follow pre-dominant trends , unlike their western counterparts . Ultimately, this essay has shown that cross cultural celebrity endorsement is still a relatively new area of research. In addition, there is inconsistency in how celebrities are used at an international level. It is also unlikely that international celebrity endorsements can succeed without relative adaptation of both the product, the message and the endorser to suit prevailing cultural considerations in the host country. The degree and extent of adaptation will differ depending on the psychic distance between the endorse and the target audience. Limitations Given the mentioned importance of cross cultural similarities and differences, findings of this study do not provide answers regarding how often celebrities are used in the two differing cultures. Neither is it clarified as to how far celebrity endorsers can be extended in different countries. Such answers can be derived from a more substantial content analysis rather than a qualitative report. There is also a need to research the extent of public glamorisation between cultures, and how personal characteristics may influence this. Although this paper attempted to demonstrate the differing endorsements strategies between countries, it fails to provide enough examples largely due to its qualitative nature. Advertising practitioners need to know more than just when to use a celebrity endorser. They should also be clear on how to use endorsers. It may be necessary to examine how this can be done indifferent countries. Bibliography 1. Agrawal, Jagdish, and Wagner A. Kamakura (1995), The Economic Worth of Celebrity Endorsers: An Event Study Analysis Journal of Marketing, 59 (3), 5 2. Benoy, J, (1982) the credibility of physically attractive communicators, A Review of journal of Advertising 11. 3 p15-23 3. Choi S. M , Lee W. N, Kim. H. J(2005) Lessons From The Rich and Famous :A Cross cultural Comparison of Celebrity Endorsement in Advertising , Journal of advertising vol 34 iss. 2pg 85

How to use the active voice to power up your sentences

How to use the active voice to power up your sentences Power up with the active voice Watch Emphasis CEO Rob Ashton as he transforms a selection of real-life examples from our clients. He shows you how to give your business writing an instant power boost by switching your sentences from the passive voice to the active.

Molecular Formula and Simplest Formula Example Problem

Molecular Formula and Simplest Formula Example Problem The molecular formula of a compound lists all the elements and the number of atoms of each element  that actually make up the compound. The simplest formula is similar where elements are all listed, but the numbers correspond to the ratios between the elements.  This worked example problem demonstrates how to use the simplest formula of a compound and its molecular mass to find the molecular formula. Molecular Formula from Simplest Formula Problem The simplest formula for vitamin C is C3H4O3. Experimental data indicates that the molecular mass of vitamin C is about 180. What is the molecular formula of vitamin C?SolutionFirst, calculate the sum of the atomic masses for C3H4O3. Look up the atomic masses for the elements from the Periodic Table. The atomic masses are found to be:H is 1.01C is 12.01O is 16.00Plugging in these numbers, the sum of the atomic masses for C3H4O3 is:3(12.0) 4(1.0) 3(16.0) 88.0This means the formula mass of vitamin C is 88.0. Compare the formula mass (88.0) to the approximate molecular mass (180). The molecular mass is twice the formula mass (180/88 2.0), so the simplest formula must be multiplied by 2 to get the molecular formula:molecular formula vitamin C 2 x C3H4O3 C6H8O6AnswerC6H8O6 Tips for Working Problems An approximate molecular mass is usually sufficient to determine the formula mass, but the calculations tend not to work out even as in this example. You are looking for the closest whole number to multiply by the formula mass to get the molecular mass. If you see that the ratio between formula mass and molecular mass is 2.5, you might be looking at a ratio of 2 or 3, but its more likely youll need to multiply the formula mass by 5. Theres often some trial and error in getting the correct answer. Its a good idea to check your answer by doing the math (sometimes more than one way) to see which value is closest. If youre using experimental data, there will be some error in your molecular mass calculation. Usually compounds assigned in a lab setting will have ratios of 2 or 3, not high numbers like 5, 6, 8, or 10 (although these values are also possible, especially in a college lab or real world setting). Its worth pointing out, while chemistry problems are worked using molecular and simplest formulas, real compounds dont always follow the rules. Atoms may share electrons such that ratios of 1.5 (for example) occur. However, use whole number ratios for chemistry homework problems! Determining the Molecular Formula From Simplest Formula Formula ProblemThe simplest formula for butane is C2H5  and its molecular mass is about 60. What is the  molecular formula  of butane?SolutionFirst, calculate the sum of the atomic masses for C2H5. Look up the  atomic masses  for the elements from the  Periodic Table. The atomic masses are found to be:H is 1.01C is 12.01Plugging in these numbers, the sum of the atomic masses for C2H5  is:2(12.0) 5(1.0) 29.0This means the formula mass of butane is 29.0. Compare the formula mass (29.0) to the approximate  molecular mass  (60). The molecular mass is  essentially  twice  the formula mass  (60/29 2.1),  so the simplest formula  must be multiplied by 2 to get the molecular formula:molecular formula of butane 2 x C2H5   C4H10AnswerThe molecular formula for butane is C4H10.

Critical analysis of PSED (key person role-adult child relationship)in Essay

Critical analysis of PSED (key person role-adult child relationship)in an educational setting(UK), drawing on your observations and published research.(we have to create name and title)see my attachments - Essay Example the socio-economic characteristics and other cultural aspects affecting the personal, social and emotional development of children in their early years. The theory and practice will be linked based on the observations made. The importance of a key worker is the nursery setting will also be revealed. Eventually the integration of PSED into the early years of children as well as the role of the key workers will be explained and further expounded on. PSED plays an important role in the education system and as such should be applied in the early years. PSED is important for enhancing a caring community where students and their educators can interact respectably and further educating children about emotional literacy. This form of development is also crucial for facilitating social understanding and encouraging responsibility in students both in their education and their social interactions (Broadhead 2010, pg. 19). PSED also enables individuals to empathize with others and thus encouraging perspective-taking which is important in learning major life skills such as critical thinking and creative thinking. The early years are crucial for children in relation to their personal, social and emotional development. Based on research carried out recently, it is evident that the development of children in their early years personally, socially and emotionally plays a major role in influencing academic preparedness particularly in the early years of development. It has also been noted that the socio-emotional competence of children has an impact on their educational success. The socio-emotional knowledge influences the child’s success in their early years by improving their academic performance both in their early life and their lifelong learning. Making children aware of their emotions and training them on their planning skills ensures that the children have lower risks of being aggressive or having any anxiety disorders. Different educational centres have varying PSED

Leonardo da Vinci Lifepath and Activity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Leonardo da Vinci Lifepath and Activity - Essay Example In Milan, he began various projects for the duke and managed to complete six paintings among them there was one called the Virgin of the Rock, which showed figures from the bible including the Virgin Mary, the baby Jesus together with John the Baptist which he finished in approximately 1485. In Milan, Leonardo did not just work as an artist, but he also advised other people on subjects such as engineering and architecture. He was fond of writing notes and filled many pages with observations and thoughts on everything from the human body to astronomy. Leonardo came up with inventions in his notebooks, which could not be made at the time. For instance, he designed a helicopter, an underwater breathing device, a tank and a submarine which showed that he was way ahead of time (Joanne 6).Leonardo wrote most of his personal notes in mirror writing. He only used normal writing if he wanted his texts to be read by others. It is not clear why he did this, but several reasons have been suggest ed. His friends wrote that he wrote and painted using the left hand. In those times, writing left handed was a mess since the wet ink would smear as his hand moved across the paper; therefore, writing in reverse would stop the ink from smudging. It is also suggested that he did this so that people could not read.Leonardo was said to be tall with long blonde hair whose abilities were beyond the ordinary that he could readily solve any difficulty. In addition, Leonardo was said to be able to sing divinely.... Leonardo came up with inventions in his notebooks, which could not be made at the time. For instance, he designed a helicopter, an underwater breathing device, a tank and a submarine which showed that he was way ahead of time (Joanne 6). Leonardo wrote most of his personal notes in mirror writing. He only used normal writing if he wanted his texts to be read by others. It is not clear why he did this, but several reasons have been suggested. His friends wrote that he wrote and painted using the left hand. In those times, writing left handed was a mess since the wet ink would smear as his hand moved across the paper; therefore, writing in reverse would stop the ink from smudging. It is also suggested that he did this so that people could not read and steal his ideas (Jill 18). Leonardo was said to be tall with long blonde hair whose abilities were beyond the ordinary that he could readily solve any difficulty. In addition, Leonardo was said to be able to sing divinely and his charming conversation worn all hearts. Leonardo did more to create the concept of the artist genius than anyone else of his times. He constantly stressed the intellectual aspect of the art and creativity. Leonardo is said to be so curious, this curiosity made him shift from a project to another (Joanne 8). Back in Florence, Leonardo painted an artwork that became one of the most recognized art images in the world, the Mona Lisa; for a long time no one knew who the woman was. However, it is now known that she was Lisa di Gherardini, the wife of Florentine silk trader named Francesco Del Giocondo. It is said that Leonardo took the painting with him everywhere. Francesco commissioned the portrait with the aim of

In this cold generation :: essays papers

In this cold generation In this cold generation, called "Generation X," where young men and women find themselves lost wondering what to do with their life, finding a passion for something, a passion that rules your life, is very important. I found out in my interview with Phil Gervais that unlike many of his generation he has a direction. He looks like any other 18 year old, but he is different because in some way he has what many of us lack: he knows what he wants. He wants to become a firefighter. Phil has found a passion that rules his life. Phil is pursuing a major in Social Rehabilitation but as soon as he finishes college, he will apply for a job with the Fire Department in his hometown of Ware Massachusetts. How did Phil develop this passion? Phil's desire to become a firefighter is an inherited trait because for generations many members of his family served as firefighters. This family legacy remarkably influenced Phil's choices in life. His grandfather Ernie, an emigrant from Canada, became the first one to enroll as a volunteer firefighter. Then his father, his uncle and finally his aunt all became firefighters. Phil used to go with his father when he answered his fire calls. While accompanying his father in 1992, a time when Phil was only 8 years old, he saw a victim of a fire for the first time. His first encounter with a dead person did not discourage him from the idea of becoming a firefighter. How did it happen? One afternoon he went with his father to the scene of a fire and there he suddenly saw in the middle of the floor a dead body of one of the victims of the fire. Partially covered with a blanket, Phil could only see a few burned spots on the hands. Nevertheless, he was not scared. While accompanying his father on many fire calls, Phil heard many terrible noises and he felt the heat of the fire. He saw tragic sights such as the dead body on many occasions. These scenes became commonplace during his childhood. Now eighteen years old, Phil works as a volunteer firefighter in his hometown. Only last week he was able to put his training to practice in a real fire call.

Jane Eyre: Feminism

Feminism: Jane Eyre Unveiled Brittney Christensen English 153 Shona Harrison November 15th, 2012 â€Å"Feminism: The advocacy of women’s rights on the grounds of political, social and economic equality to men, statuses and classes. † The novel Jane Eyre greatly depicts many forms of feminism throughout, and is an eye opener as to how much time have changed and in a sense stayed the same since the Victorian Era. The thought of being exposed to such standards and conditions at such a young age onward outlines the realest forms of commitment to independence and dignity.Jane is a victim of feminism in the instance that she is subjected to the power of men and also plays the role of a feminist role model shown by multiple examples throughout the novel, whether referring to relationships or to personal attributes. The comparing and contrasting between the other characters and characteristics of the novel also unveil forms of feminism and feministic senses. The word â€Å"fem inist† or â€Å"feminism† is a very obscured word, with many different points of views considering their meanings. In the terms of feminist, â€Å"a doctrine advocating social, political, and all other rights of women equal to those of men. And reference to Jane Eyre, Jane only hopes for equality between men and women, herself in particular, obviously due to the specific situations and circumstances she is exposed to. Jane proposed her acts upon facing women’s rights and equality by enforcing her words and good deeds, proving her lack of ignorance and retaliation. Jane represents a feminist in the Victorian Era, and mainly targeted at younger readers, preferably female considering the context, with the purpose to help the young females learn about maturity, growing up in the world, and the possible variety of obstacles that they may be faced with.With that said, Jane’s actions and words throughout the novel decipher her life and her experiences are what b uilt her courage and strength as a woman. Jane Eyre is proof that love and affection are two things that cannot be bought and that that her courageousness will not be underestimated. Rochester tries to persuade Jane into falling for him by offering her luxurious stones and lavish pieces of clothing. â€Å"Glad was I to get him out of the silk warehouse, and then out of a jeweler’s shop: the more he bought me, the more my cheek burned with a sense of annoyance and degradation. † (Bronte, Page 229).Jane is getting the feeling of aggravation towards Rochester’s offerings in a sense that she does not need nor want such things and refuses to become exposed to the world of the materialistic lifestyle. Her hesitation towards marriage is also expressed in her statement, providing evidence that she does not feel the need to go to these extremes and expenses when it comes to marriage. â€Å"Marriage: the state of being united to a person of the opposite sex as husband or wife in a consensual and contractual relationship recognized by law. † Nowhere does it state that the experience as a whole has to be lavish, proving Jane’s point of view.Jane, as a feminist believes that everything and everyone can be beautiful without the extent of needing a man and the accommodations and luxuries one has to offer. Jane, being exposed to independence at such a young age gave her the leverage and confidence she needed to stand up for herself and express her view of women’s equality through her eyes. She comes to the consensus about her values and duties of herself as an individual when states, â€Å"I care for myself. The more solitary, the more friendless, the more unsustained I am, the more I will keep the law given by God; sanctioned by man.I will hold to the principles received by me when I was sane, and not mad – as I am now. † (Bronte, page 270). This quotation depicts and unveils Jane’s powerful feelings towards how she sees herself and what her morals are versus what they should be. Jane believes to be â€Å"mad†, which refers to the fact that it is somewhat insane that she can love Rochester when he is married to Bertha Mason, someone completely opposite to Jane. Because of Rochester’s argument for her to be with him, Jane’s statement also shows that her realization that Rochester has strong feelings towards her regardless of his current relationship status with Bertha Mason.Jane fears that if she is to lose anything important in her life then that will result in losing Rochester, despite the aspect of negotiating her own feelings. Jane refrains from going with Rochester after this confrontation†¦ â€Å"’You will not come? – You will not be my comforter, my rescuer? – My deep love, my wild woe, my frantic prayer, are all nothing to you? ’ What unutterable pathos was in his voice! How hard it was to reiterate firmly, ‘I am going. â⠂¬â„¢Ã¢â‚¬  Jane realizes Rochester’s true love for her, but also realizes that they are not meant to be, or so she thinks.In this instance, Jane is letting feelings between herself and another man jeopardize her life, which goes against her beliefs as well as a woman, although her rejection provides proof that she loves herself more, therefore showing her independence and pride in being a female. â€Å" I am no bird; and no net ensnares me: I am a free human being with an independent will; which I now exert to leave you. † (Bronte, Page 216). Jane represents many things throughout the novel, mainly her strong feminist side is most relevant until closer to the end part of the novel, where she seems to let â€Å"love† get the best of her.Jane has found herself to fall deeply for Rochester despite her beliefs, she has resisted and now sees him for his true self, money aside. With that said, Jane herself, had not a clue that she would soon be facing some inheritan ce, â€Å"My uncle I had heard was dead – my only relative; ever since being made aware of his existence I had cherished the hope of one day seeing him: now, I never should. And then this money came only to me: not to a rejoicing family, and me but to my isolated self. It was a grand boon doubtless; and independence would be glorious – yes, I felt that – that thought swelled my heart. Jane inherited twenty thousand pounds and now felt as though her and Rochester were socially and economically equal, putting her at ease in a sense referring to her standards. Although Jane’s decision may come across somewhat hypocritical, she still stays true to herself and her feminist ways when she stands up to St. John, the clergyman that provides Jane with a place to stay. St. John is also in love with Jane and wants to be with her, but she does not feel the same way, â€Å"You have hitherto been my adopted brother: I, your adopted sister; let us continue as such: you and I had better not marry. (Bronte 345) Jane is trying to be nice about breaking the news to St. John to show her caring side as a woman, but St. John did not agree with this confrontation, â€Å"I must seek another interest in life to replace the one lost: is not the occupation he now offers me truly the most glorious man can adopt or God assign? It is not, by its noble cares and sublime results, the one best calculated to fill the void left by uptorn affections and demolished hopes? † (Bronte 344) This is one of St. John’s methods as to keeping Jane in his life, by bringing god into the equation, by insinuating that God does not agree with her and that St.John should have her for himself, which Jane really does not agree with, being as she believes in religion separately aside from her feminism beliefs. In a sense St. John’s statement about God made Jane think about how married life actually will be and the possibility of her lack of enjoyment due to the fac t that a label may disrupt the actual love. Despite St. John’s feelings, Jane knows where he heart is and stays true to her own feelings, showing her independence as a female. In terms of women’s and men’s rights, views on the issue can arise in a variety of opinions due to the difference in peoples views.The two main men characters in the novel, Rochester and St. John really enhanced Jane’s inner feminist by each pulling out specific traits in her that portrayed what she really believed in and what it takes to alter them; traits such as independence and personal strength as a woman, providing a learning experience from experiences. Jane grows to be able to form her own opinions and stand up for what is right in her eyes while still staying true to her beliefs as a feminist. Jane Eyre not only sets goals for herself, but also for other females, being such a great role model proven through her life choices and acts of strength. If I told anything, my tale would be such as must necessarily make a profound impression on the mind of my hearer: and that mind, yet from its sufferings too prone to gloom, needed not to deeper shade of the supernatural. I kept these things, then, and pondered them in my heart. † (Bronte 381) This really summarizes Jane’s journey from a girl to a woman, and is an inspiring and knowledgeable story. Work Cited Bronte, Charlotee. Jane Eyre. New York: W. W . Norton & Company, Inc. 2001. Eagleton, Terry. â€Å"Jane Eyre’s Power Struggles. † Myths of Power: A Marxist Study of Bronte.Totawa, NJ: Barnes and Noble Bookes, 1975. Rpt. In Bronte 491-496. Web. 14 Nov. 2012. â€Å"Feminism. † Collins English Dictionary. 2009. William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd 1979, 1986. Web. 14 Nov 2012. Roberts, M. J. D. â€Å"Feminism and the State in Later Victorian England. † The Historical Journal, Cambridge University Press. MLA Online Book. Vol. 28, No 1. pp. 85-110. Mar. 1995. Web. 15 Nov. 201 2. Garton, Stephen. â€Å"The Scales of Suffering: Love, Death and Victorian Masculinity. †, Taylor & Francis Ltd. MLA Online Article. Vol. 27, No. 1. (Jan. 2002), pp. 40-58. Web. 15 Nov. 2012.

The Life of Robert Lewis Method or Madness - 792 Words

Robert Lewis was one of the most reputable renaissance men of the theatre world, devoting much of his life to acting, teaching, directing, and writing. On March 15, 1906, Lewis was born in Brooklyn, New York, with the given name Robert Lewkowitz. From a young age, Lewis was fond of the arts. His first interest was music; he played the cello and took up his studies at the Institute of Musical Art In Manhattan and the Brooklyn Music School Settlement. In the 1920’s, Lewis decided to switch gears and he began to pursue acting. He first entered the theatre scene when he began acting with the Civic Repertory Theatre and Sue Hastings’ Marionette Company. Lewis is well known for his contributions to Group Theatre and Actors Studio, along with his other workshop, teaching and acting endeavors. From 1931 to 1941, Robert Lewis acted for the Group Theatre, a theatre created by Lee Strasberg, Harold Clurman, and Cheryl Crawford. He served as one of the original members of the compa ny. Lewis appeared in many of their plays during this decade. The Group Theatre worked under the principles of Konstantin Stanislavski and Eugene Vakhtangov. After the ultimate collapse of the Group Theatre, these ideas carried over to the Actors Studio. Before the Actors Studio was created, a project called the Dollar Top Theatre went underway but was never completed. The Actors Studio was developed by Robert Lewis in collaboration with Cheryl Crawford and Elia Kazan. It was an acting workshop created inShow MoreRelatedSaints, Scholars and Schizophrenics1506 Words   |  7 Pagesis generally accepted that schizophrenia is a condition in which the person alters his representation of reality in order to escape or withdraw from seemingly unresolvable conflicts and from social interactions that are painful.†(Nancy quotes Hill, Lewis B 1955) as important defining quote of what is incorporated in characteristics of schizophrenia. 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Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Essay - 1672 Words

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) refers to a group of physical and mental birth defects resulting from a women’s drinking alcohol heavily or at crucial stages during pregnancy. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome was first named and treated in the late 1960s. This condition results from the toxic effect of alcohol and its chemical factors on the developing fetus. FAS is the leading cause of mental retardation occurring in 1 out of every 750 births. The frequency of FAS occurs about 1.9 times out of every 1000 births according to the latest figures, and minor effects can be seen in up to 20% of pregnancies per year. This number changes drastically for women who are clearly alcoholics. As high as 29 children out of every 1000 births will suffer from FAS†¦show more content†¦In the United States, epidemiological data suggest that the rates of FAS tend to higher in African American and Native Americans than whites of similar socioeconomic status. A survey complied by the centers for disea se control and prevention reviewed more than 4.6 million births in approximately 1,200 hospitals and showed considerable differences in occurrence of FAS among racial groups. The reason for variance among these groups remains unclear. Among Native Americans, rates of FAS even varied between the different tribes. This may be attributed to nutrition, fertility, or metabolic differences in the genetic makeup of each tribe. Also Native American family culture can influence drinking patterns often leading to a higher rate of alcohol consumption. Among factors to consider, alcohol consumption is frequently associated with drug abuse, smoking, and malnutrition. All of these factors can cause serious harm to the developing embryo of a child. It is difficult for researchers to decide which effects are caused by alcohol alone. To clearly distinguish a child as having FAS poses a difficult thing for researchers. 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These defects occur primarily during the first trimester when the teratogenic effects of the alcohol have the greatest effect on the developing organs. The symptoms associated with FAS have been observed for many centuries, but it was not until 1968 that Lemoine and his associates formally described theseRead MoreFetal Alcohol Syndrome Essay1100 Words   |  5 Pagesyou want your child to have FAS? Read on and I believe you will come to the same conclusion as I have about FAS. FAS doesn’t sound so bad, but in reality it is. FAS means Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. FAS is a combination of physical and mental defects first evident at a baby’s birth. FAS is a direct result of a woman drinking alcohol during pregnancy. These defects continue through out the child’s life. One in five hundred children are born with FAS. Your baby is at risk no matter how much liquor you

The Issue of Late Child Birth among Women Term Paper

Essays on The Issue of Late Child Birth among Women Term Paper The paper "The Issue of Late Child Birth among Women" is a brilliant example of a term paper on gender and sexual studies. Recent statistics show that more women prefer to start their families later on in their lives when they get in their thirties. In 2004 for instance, 20% of all childbirths in the US were to women aged 35 and above, and in 2005, there were more babies born to women aged between 35 and 40 years than to any other age group (Mac Dougall, Beyene, and Nachtigall, 2012). With this trending gaining momentum, the average age for women getting babies is now estimated to be 31years, high above 27 years back in 1985. Getting a child for a woman during her late years like in the case of Marsha and Liam has both advantages and disadvantages One advantage of getting a child after the age of thirty-five among women is that by the age of 35, one would be both financially and intellectually stable to be able to put u[p a family and take care of her children. By the time one gets to 35 years, they have reached great heights in their careers and education and have greater financial security. In this case, they would be willing to devote a lot of their attention to their children and family life (Toothman, Erica, and   Barrett, 2011 ).On the other hand, there are also many disadvantages associated with late childbirth. One of them is the health problems, including a decrease in levels of fertility thus risking the ability of women to conceive (Toothman, Erica, and   Barrett, 2011 ). The children born to older mothers are also likely to develop health complications.Marsha and Liam seem to have developed fertility problems and find it hard to conceive children due to their older age. There are however various ways in with th e couple can have babies despite their age. This can be achieved through medical procedures where their sperm and ovum can be joined in a test tube and left to mature into a test tube baby after which they will have the baby and raise it like any other baby (Toothman, Erica, and   Barrett, 2011 ).

Environmental Scanning Identifying Threats and Opportunities Free Essays

Organizational environment consists of both external and internal factors. Environment must be scanned so as to determine development and forecasts of factors that will influence organizational success. Environmental scanning refers to possession and utilization of information about occasions, patterns, trends, and relationships within an organization’s internal and external environment. We will write a custom essay sample on Environmental Scanning: Identifying Threats and Opportunities or any similar topic only for you Order Now It helps the managers to decide the future path of the organization. Scanning must identify the threats and opportunities existing in the environment. While strategy formulation, an organization must take advantage of the opportunities and minimize the threats. A threat for one organization may be an opportunity for another. Internal analysis of the environment is the first step of environment scanning. Organizations should observe the internal organizational environment. This includes employee interaction with other employees, employee interaction with management, manager interaction with other managers, and management interaction with shareholders, access to natural resources, brand awareness, organizational structure, main staff, operational potential, etc. Also, discussions, interviews, and surveys can be used to assess the internal environment. Analysis of internal environment helps in identifying strengths and weaknesses of an organization. As business becomes more competitive, and there are rapid changes in the external environment, information from external environment adds crucial elements to the effectiveness of long-term plans. As environment is dynamic, it becomes essential to identify competitors’ moves and actions. Organizations have also to update the core competencies and internal environment as per external environment. Environmental factors are infinite, hence, organization should be agile and vigile to accept and adjust to the environmental changes. For instance – Monitoring might indicate that an original forecast of the prices of the raw materials that are involved in the product are no more credible, which could imply the requirement for more focused scanning, forecasting and analysis to create a more trustworthy prediction about the input costs. In a similar manner, there can be changes in factors such as competitor’s activities, technology, market tastes and preferences. While in external analysis, three correlated environment should be studied and analyzed — †¢immediate / industry environment †¢national environment †¢broader socio-economic environment / macro-environment Examining the industry environment needs an appraisal of the competitive structure of the organization’s industry, including the competitive position of a particular organization and it’s main rivals. Also, an assessment of the nature, stage, dynamics and history of the industry is essential. It also implies evaluating the effect of globalization on competition within the industry. Analyzing the national environment needs an appraisal of whether the national framework helps in achieving competitive advantage in the globalized environment. Analysis of macro-environment includes exploring macro-economic, social, government, legal, technological and international factors that may influence the environment. The analysis of organization’s external environment reveals opportunities and threats for an organization. Strategic managers must not only recognize the present state of the environment and their industry but also be able to predict its future positions. How to cite Environmental Scanning: Identifying Threats and Opportunities, Papers

The Pros and Cons of the Neolithic Revolution free essay sample

In the 1930s, V. Gordon Childe proposed that the shift to food production was one of the two major events in human history that improved the condition of human societies. Childe described the origins of agriculture as a ? eolithic Revolution. But the shift from hunting and gathering to food production was not as advantageous to humanity as Childe believed. Although there were benefits, there were also serious drawbacks, and humans paid a price for the advantages of agriculture. The Neolithic, the period in history in which food production became widespread, began around 10,200 B.  C, first appearing in Southwest Asia, and lasted until 4000 to 2200 B. C. The cultivation of vegetables and domestication was becoming common in Southwest Asia between 10,200 to 8,800 B. C (Levack et al 2009:6), 5,000 B. C in Mesoamerica (Haviland et al 2011: 501), and about 4,500 B. C in Europe. (Leonard 1973: 21) Advantages of Food Production An Efficent Way of Life Food raising was a more efficient way of life than food collecting. We will write a custom essay sample on The Pros and Cons of the Neolithic Revolution or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Approximately 250 square miles of land in the near East were needed to feed a band of 25 foragers, six square miles could supply 150 inhabitants of an early village with adequate food supplies. People could choose the most valuable vegetable foods available togrow near their villages, and certain animals were domesticated and bred to humans advantage. Neolithic villages stored food and generally had surplus. (Leonard 1973: 8) Increased Population Farmers were able to secure surplus food to secure the needs of a larger population. Seniors and Children were no longer looked upon as a burden. In hunter-gatherer lifestyles, infants were were abandoned in times of hardship and famine and eldery people often could not survive the demands of nomadic living. In villages, seniors were respected and supported and children had roles as shepherds and field hands. (Leonard 1973: 25) Both of these situations contributed to an enlarged population. Inovations in Art, Technology and Culture In the Neolithic, the importance of cultural adaptation and the development of conceptual thought can be seen in symbolic artifacts and signs of ritual activity throughout the world. (Haviland et al 2011: 241) Trade increased and many settlements became wealthy. These wealthy communities could support some people as artists and priests. Catal Hyuk is an example of astounding neolithic art, much of which adorns religion shrines. (Levack et al 2009:5) Metalurgy first made an appearance in Europe during the Neolithic. (Levack et al 2009:16) Architecture improved and in many areas dwellings were made with sturdy supplies like stone and brick. Some villages, particularly in Southwest Asia, were surrounded by impressive stone walls for protection against enemies. (Leonard 1973:18) Disadvantages of Food Production Sanitation and Disease People living in sedentary villages in the Neolithic experienced worsened health and mortality. Sedentary life brought with it sanitation problems like garbage and human waste accumulate, which contributed to disease. The close association between humans and animals was also key to the transmission of many infectious diseases. Higher mortality rates were offset by increased fertility. (Haviland et al 2011: 249) Dependence on the Environment When humans turned to agriculture, they had to depend on the weather for crop production and a good harvest, which did not always turn out to their favour. Neolithic farmers faced drought, plant disease, and pests. (Leonard 1973: 1) Loss of Leisure When humans chose agriculture they commited to a life of drudgery. Many Anthropologists believe that generally the nomadic hunter-gatherers of the mesolithic had sufficient food with much more leisure time and much less labour. (Leonard 1973: 18) Possible Drug-like Substances in Cereals and Milk Studies have found a link between a number of mental illnesses, including Schizophrenia and consumption of cereals and milk. Human reliance on cereals and milk is a recent phenomenon that was established suddenly, and some anthropologists believe humans did not evolve to consume these things. Groups have found that that wheat, maize and barley, produce exorphin and bovine milk produces casomorphin; therefore milk and cereals may be chemically rewarding and essentially, addictive. Some Anthropologist believe that this may be the reason these foods became so important in human sociteties. If this is the case, the diet of hunter-gathers was probably more nurtitionaly benefecial to humans. Agriculture and animal domestication began in Southwest Asia around 8000 B.C and then sprang up in Europe and Mesoamerica some time later. Food production proved to be very advantegous, resulting in surpluses of food, safer living environments, and technological, architectural, and cultural advancements. However with all its benefits, food production opened a pandoras box of problems that multiplied with the onset of civilization. In my opinion, some hunter-forager groups may not have adopted agriculture as a way of life because of the loss of leisure and commitment to drudgery and hard labour that agriculture demanded.

Friday Essays (1388 words) - Friday, , Term Papers

Friday The movie Friday is a comedy, but it also depicts many important social issues. The story is set in the city of Los Angelos, California, in what could be called a high class ghetto. The main theme of the movie is about a young black man who looses his job and is influenced by his best friend to smoke marijuana. The movie also shows the relationships of his family and other members of his neighborhood. With a zany cast of characters and a hilarious script this movie touches on everything from gang v lence to the use of drugs, crime, guns, relationships, sex and life in the ghetto. Because of all these issues, I found this an interesting movie with a wide variety of topics to address. Marijuana has been around for a long time. It's use is once again becoming popular. Although it's not legal, many people use it socially and for medicinal purposes. The Hollywood elite smoke it. Musicians such as Dr. Dre and the Black Crows celebra it's use. Television shows like Saturday Night Live and Kids In the Hall depict it as harmless fun. Marijuana fashion has grown into a ten million dollar industry, with the seven branch marijuana leaf showing up on caps, T-shirts, earrings and tattoos. Studies show that after a decade of declining drug use, marijuana use has increased sharply among gh school students and college students in the last two years (Duschbaun 8). In the movie Friday, rap star Ice Cube plays the character Craig. Craig has never smoked marijuana. However, his best friend "Smokey" smokes marijuana everyday. Craig looses his job, leaving him home all day with nothing to do to occupy his time. H just hangs out in the neighborhood with his friends. Smokey tries to convince Craig to try some marijuana. At first Craig doesn't want to. Smokey is persistent. He points out to Craig that he doesn't have to work and doesn't have anything better to . Craig and Smokey eventually sit on the front porch and get stoned. Peer pressure is obviously the only reason Craig gives in. Actually he had other options, but he chose not to use them. Common sense and a simple explanation would have worked for aig just fine (How to Say No and Keep Your Friends 23) Everyday we are faced with choices. It is up to us to decide what's right and wrong. Craig decides to try it and things start to happen that he really doesn't like. Craig and Smokey get into some trouble with the neighborhood dealer, Big Worm. Smokey sells pot for him, but can't pay him the money he owes because he and Craig smoked the pot. Big Worm threatens them and sends a gang of "hoods" after them with mach e guns. They just barely escape and are scared shitless. The amount of gang violence that can be contributed to the use and sale of illegal drugs has risen dramatically in the past seven years (Gates 67). It's no wonder that this is happening with th use of marijuana becoming so popular again. Violence and crime are issues we hear about every day. We can watch any news broadcast and see the evidence of these increasingly worrisome problems. In Friday, both of these issues are very apparent. Debone, the neighborhood thief and "bully" is co tantly harassing the people in Craig's neighborhood. He breaks into their homes, steals their possessions, beats people up to take their jewelry and other items and is just generally a pain in everyones ass. He is the most violent person in the movie Craig gets into a fight with him and pulls a gun on Debone. Craig feels confused and not sure what to do. His father convinces him to give him the gun. He insists that Craig should fight like a man with his fists. I don't think that was very good a ice. Debone was twice as big as Craig and probably 100 pounds heavier. They do fight and surprisingly Craig wins. You would think that most problems can be solved without violent acts. The reality is that sometimes, under certain circumstances, that ust doesn't work. Obviously, this was one of those times. Sexual

History of the Orchestra in the 19th 20th Century

History of the Orchestra in the 19th 20th Century This paper reviews the major developments of the symphony orchestra in the 19th and 20th century, with particular emphasis on the addition of certain instruments and the removal of others, as well as the influence of composer Ludwig von Beethoven, whose influence still endures. The paper also highlights the orchestral innovations of Russian born composer Igor Stravinsky from the period 1908 to 1919, and discusses his influence on the symphony orchestra through his works Fireworks, The Firebird, Petrushka, and The Rite of Spring.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on History of the Orchestra in the 19th 20th Century specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The long history of the symphony orchestra resembles a story of ever expanding creativity, with quite literally hundreds of artists contributing their personal innovation over centuries, to establish the symphony orchestra we know today. For the purposes of this paper, the focus will be fixed on the period of the 19th and 20th centuries. However, some background will help contextualize and narrow this broad and potentially unwieldy topic for the reader. This paper is organized as follows: section one will review the major developments of the symphony orchestra in the 19th and 20th century, with particular emphasis on the addition of certain instruments and the removal of others, as well as the influence of composer Ludwig von Beethoven, whose influence still endures. Section two follows the Russian born composer Igor Stravinsky from the period 1908 to 1919, and discusses his influence on the symphony orchestra through his works Fireworks, The Firebird, Petrushka, and The Rite of Spring. By the time the symphony orchestra’s fundamental make up was established in Beethoven’s time, composers continued to evolve its form in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Composers and innovators such as Beethoven set the precedent for future artists to c ompose more emotionally rich sonic arrangements, epic, highly moving, and resonating symphonies which stirred audiences then, as they do now. Beethoven also has been recognized as the progenitor of the fervent style of conducting that we expect to see from symphony orchestra conductors today. Equally, Igor Stravinsky’s works remain fresh, original, and imaginative pieces which made revolutionary use of the orchestra in his time, and produced some of the most explosive and ground-breaking symphonies in the 20th century.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Main Developments in the 19th Century Many of the developments of the 19th century, as far as the symphony orchestra is concerned, have been attributed to the composer Ludwig von Beethoven (Randel, 1986). As he created his nine symphonies, Beethoven simultaneously expanded the orchestra to suit his needs. In order to compose and perform the Fifth, Sixth, and Ninth Symphonies, Beethoven added the trombone to the orchestra, and exchanged the minuet for the scherzo (Randel, 1986). Interestingly, many biographers and aficionados of Beethoven conclude that his so-called Middle Period, characterized by incredible innovation, pain, and passion, including the Third through the Eight symphonies, owes much of its creative genius to Beethoven’s Herculean struggle with his progressive hearing loss (Cooper, 2000). One of the major advances that Beethoven affected in the symphony orchestra occurred when he began emphasizing wind instruments in his First symphony. Herein, Beethoven created what Cooper (2000) called a â€Å"new approach to orchestration in symphonies, where wind and strings were equal partners† (Cooper, 2000). The composer also became more and more interested in the use of the timpani. In the Fourth symphony, for example, Beethoven created what Cooper (2000) explains as â€Å"a new approach to the links between sections, † and a â€Å"raised profile of the timpani,† further â€Å"integrating the timpani into the thematic design† of the symphony orchestra (Cooper, 2000). Cooper also credits Beethoven with the creation of a much more passionate relationship between the orchestra and its conductor, as Cooper explains, â€Å"designed to draw out maximum expression from the orchestra [that] were in some ways far ahead of their time† (Cooper, 2000). Beethoven also added innovation to the style of music which symphony orchestras of his time played. Prior to Beethoven, many symphonies ended with a light finale, whereas Beethoven’s Fifth, Ninth, and Third symphonies introduced a â€Å"highly influential development of†¦finales†¦[that] function as a climax or apotheosis of all that has gone before†¦This shift in the center of gravity from the beginning to the end of the symphony†¦is designated by the term finale -symphony† (Randel, 1986). Beethoven was able to use the symphony orchestra in a way no other composer before had: to plumb the depths of emotion musically. The symphony orchestra, in Beethoven hands, became a means to depict â€Å"heroic character†¦struggle and ultimate triumph,† not to mention fear, anger, and loss (Randel, 1986). Beethoven’s â€Å"cyclic† approach to the symphony orchestra combined with his addition of the aforementioned instruments gave tremendous power to his compositions.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on History of the Orchestra in the 19th 20th Century specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Significantly, Beethoven adapted the orchestra to meet his creative needs, as opposed to bowing to the conventional standards of the symphony orchestra make up of his day and creating static, derivative works for a pre-existing orchestral model (Cooper, 2000). Beethoven’s w illingness to take these kinds of risks in turn laid the foundation for future composers, such as Stravinsky, to create similarly emotionally fiery pieces of music. Stravinsky The 19th century symphony orchestra saw an increase in the use of percussion within the symphony orchestra, according to Randel (1986), and this innovation was heavily influenced by â€Å"Berlioz’s pioneering use of percussion,† a tradition which Stravinsky paid homage to in many of his symphonies (Randel, 1986). Interestingly, Randel (1986) points to the influence of Beethoven’s earlier orchestral innovations in Stravinsky’s later works, especially the choral symphony works. Randel (1986) explains that one of the most vital innovations attributed to Beethoven was â€Å"the use of the chorus in his Choral Fantasy and Ninth Symphony†¦[which]†¦suggested a new concept of symphonic work with chorus that was pursued by many later composers in a variety of ways, from the use of a wordless chorus as adjunct to the orchestra†¦to the choral symphony† later used by Stravinsky (Randel, 1986). One of the first to draw attention to Stravinsky’s startling orchestral originality was author Aaron Copland in his seminal work Music and Imagination. Copland described Stravinsky as a â€Å"master of the orchestra†, and carefully delineated the extent of Stravinsky’s genius when describing The Rite of Spring: After 40 years [The Rite of Spring] remains the most astonishing orchestral achievement of the twentieth century. We must not underestimate the importance of the new rhythms and polytonal harmonies in the creation of this amazing orchestral sound†¦for the most part it depends on an unprecedented degree of virtuosity in the marshaling of orchestral forces. The pitting of energized strings and piercing woodwinds against the sharp cutting edge of brass, the whole underlined by an explosive percussive wallop†¦inaugurates a new era in orchestral practice (Copland, 1952). The Rite of Spring, which Stravinsky began composing in 1911, was initiated by one of the composer’s dreams. The Rite of Spring is perhaps Stravinsky’s most famous piece, in no small measure because it was met with outrage during its premiere in Paris in 1913. The performance produced a riot, punctuated by guests pummeling each other in the aisles and hisses, yet its controversy launched Stravinsky’s work onto the international scene (White, 1996).Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Stravinsky’s use of the orchestra became more and more personal and idiosyncratic as his career progressed. As his fame grew, he seemed more able, like Beethoven, to take certain calculated risks with the make up of the orchestra and to demand more from it (White, 1996). Also, as White suggests, earlier in his career, some of Stravinsky’s touring compositions had suffered some indignities, as the â€Å"scores of The Firebird, Petrushka, [and] The Rite of Spring were written for an orchestra of nearly a hundred players – a formidable requisite when there was no resident full scale orchestra [where] the company was visiting – and occasionally some very bad musical performances resulted† (White, 1996). As a result, White (1996) suggests, Stravinsky began to â€Å"search for the right combination of instruments† (White, 1996). The composer also began to experiment with the size of the orchestra and become extremely specific as to which instrumen ts were included in the symphony orchestra make up (White, 1996). An example occurred when Stravinsky adapted The Nightingale as a â€Å"symphonic poem for orchestra† (White, 1996). Stravinsky â€Å"chose a slightly smaller orchestra for the purpose†¦with double instead of triple woodwind, and other instruments scaled down in proportion†¦[and] also changed his attitude to the principle of orchestration† (White, 1996). Stravinsky became fascinated with diminutive groups of instruments, or instruments by themselves, which drew attention to certain sounds at key moments in the symphony, while simultaneously underscoring the absence of others (White, 1996). The result, according to White (1996), was that the orchestra no longer served as â€Å"padding, or merely to fill in and inflate† (White, 1996). Rather, says White (1996), Stravinsky’s individual attention to instruments in the orchestra created â€Å"a purer palette of instrumental colours, li ghter orchestral texture, greater variety and contrast in the use of tones, and less insistence on the importance of blend† (White, 1996). Stravinsky appeared to have a somewhat antagonistic relationship with the orchestra. He seemed always to want to challenge it, to test its limits, and even its patience. This fact is made evident in Stravinsky’s own correspondence. When discussing his work Petrushka, Stravinsky wrote that he â€Å"wanted to refresh myself by composing an orchestral piece in which the piano would play the most important part†¦I had in mind a distinct of a puppet, suddenly endowed with life, exasperating the patience of the orchestra with diabolical cascades of arpeggios† (Hill, 2000). Another of Stravinsky’s innovations occurred, similar to Beethoven, when he used the symphony orchestra differently, according to his creative needs and the needs of the particular symphony. As White (1996) points out, Stravinsky often called for a sym phony orchestra and yet deliberately avoided using all of the instruments: Although a big symphony orchestra (with triple woodwind) is specified, the full orchestra is hardly ever used as such. Even at important climaxes†¦certain instruments are withheld, particularly those that are going to be heard immediately after the climax, and this helps to lighten the texture and refresh the ear†¦[Stravinsky] uses the symphony orchestra both as a symphony orchestra and as a chamber orchestra, and a considerable part of the musical argument is carried out by small groups of instruments or single instruments conversing on chamber music lines† (White, 1996). Stravinsky’s Fireworks, composed in 1908, was described by White (1996) as a â€Å"fantasy for large orchestra,† one that contained the â€Å"timpani, triangle, cymbals, big drum, celesta, campanelli, two harps, and strings† (White, 1996). In Fireworks, according to White (1996), Stravinsky overcame his last creative hurdle and â€Å"broke away from the four-plus- four-plus four-plus-four barring that had given his previous works a stamp of monotony, and for the first time achieved a satisfactory degree of asymmetry† (White, 1996). Fireworks was praised for its â€Å"compact, explosive force† and â€Å"whirling movement† (White, 1996). In Fireworks, Stravinsky makes full use of the brass section, particularly the trumpets that â€Å"echo the horns bar by bar,† as well as the woodwinds, all of which culminates in a â€Å"series of instrumental explosions† (White, 1996). The Firebird, composed from 1909 through 1910 in St. Petersburg, Russia, is an example of Stravinsky’s thematic use of the orchestra to create emotion. Based on Russian fairy tales, the music that Stravinsky composed for The Firebird had to somehow â€Å"differentiate in musical terms between the natural and supernatural elements† (White, 1996). To achieve this, Stravi nsky used the orchestra to associate â€Å"the human element†¦with diatonic themes and the magical element with chromatic arabesques of an oriental character† (White, 1996). In conclusion, the 19th and 20th centuries saw tremendous innovation in the area of the orchestra. Part of this innovation happened in standard ways: orchestras were scaled back or plumped up according to individual composer’s needs, instruments were added, deleted, held back, or substituted, percussion became more prevalent, and largely as a result of Beethoven’s earlier innovations in the 18th century, the emotional palette of the symphonies themselves became richer and dealt with more complex ranges of emotions. However, another innovation began in the 20th century, mostly under the influence of composer Igor Stravinsky, wherein the relationship with the orchestra became more personal and more demanding. As the complexity of Stravinsky’s compositions intensified, he proved tha t the orchestra itself could be manipulated to serve the composer’s artistic vision. References Cooper, B. (2000). Beethoven. New York NY: Oxford University Press. Copland. A. (1952). Music and Imagination. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Hill, P. (2000). Stravinsky: The Rite of Spring. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Randel. D.M. (1986). The Harvard Dictionary of Music. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Spitzer, J. Zaslaw, N. (2004). The Birth of the Orchestra: History of an Institution: 1650-1815. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. White, E. W. (1996). Stravinsky: The Composer and his Works. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.